Ke hele nei ke au i ka wafer, ʻo nā electrons i loko o ka semiconductor N-type a me nā puka o ka semiconductor P-type e kuʻi ikaika a hui hou i loko o ka papa kukui e hana i nā kiʻi, e hoʻopuka ana i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano o nā photons (ʻo ia hoʻi. , ka malamalama a na mea a pau e ike ai).ʻO nā semiconductors o nā mea likeʻole e hana i nā kala likeʻole o ke kukui, e like me ke kukuiʻulaʻula, ke kukui'ōmaʻomaʻo, ke kukui uliuli a pēlā aku.

Ma waena o nā papa ʻelua o nā semiconductor, nā electrons a me nā lua e hui pū a hui hou a hana i nā photons polū i loko o ka papa kukui.ʻO kahi hapa o ke kukui polū i hana ʻia e hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia ma o ka uhi fluorescent;ʻo ke koena e paʻi i ka uhi fluorescent a hui pū me ia e hana i nā kiʻi melemele.Hana pū ka photon uliuli a me ka photon melemele (mixed) e hana i ke kukui keʻokeʻo.