I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomohala nā limahana ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana i nā LED light-emitting diodes me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu o ka semiconductor PN junction light-emitting.Ua hana ʻia ka LED i kēlā manawa me GaASP, a ʻulaʻula kona kala.Ma hope o 30 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hiki i ka LED kaulana ke hoʻopuka i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli a me nā kala ʻē aʻe.Eia naʻe, ua kūkuluʻia nā LED keʻokeʻo no ka hoʻomālamalamaʻana ma hope o 2000 wale nō.

hoʻomohala

ʻO ke kumu kukui LED mua loa i hana ʻia me ka semiconductor PN junction light-emitting principle i puka mai i nā makahiki 1960.ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa ʻo GaAsP, e hoʻopuka ana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula (λp=650nm).Inā he 20 mA ka holo ʻana o kēia manawa, he mau kaukani wale nō ka luminous flux, a ʻo ka pono o ka luminous e pili ana he 0.1 lumen/watt.

Ma ka waena waena o 1970s, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea In a me N e hana i nā LED e hana i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo (λp=555nm), ke kukui melemele (λp=590nm) a me ke kukui ʻalani (λp=610nm), a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana kukui i 1 lumen/watt.

I nā makahiki 1980 mua, ua ʻike ʻia nā kumu kukui LED o GaAlAs, e hoʻonui ana i ka pono o nā kukui ʻulaʻula i 10 lumens/watt.

I ka 1990s mua, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ʻelua mau mea hou, ʻo GaAlInP, ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele, a me GaInN, ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka uliuli, i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka pono kukui o nā LED.

I ka makahiki 2000, ua hiki i ka 100 lumens no ka watt i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani (λp=615nm) ka mālamalama kukui o nā LED i hana ʻia e ka mea mua. hiki i 50 lumens./watt.